Many vets and pet owners are showing more and more interest in holistic and preventative medicine. The saying ‘you are what you eat’ applies to dogs too! Good quality nutrition can be the cornerstone of a healthy lifestyle. So, as vets we are often asked about the benefits of omega-3 for pets. Let’s take a look at the benefits of omega-3 in dogs.

What is omega-3?

Omega-3s are one of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). They are ‘essential’ PUFAs, meaning that dogs cannot synthesise them, they must come from their diet. Omega-3s include EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), and ALA (Alpha Lipoic Acid). EPA and DHA are typically found in fish and other marine sources, whereas ALA comes from flaxseed or linseed.

Omega-3 PUFAs are important in a number of bodily functions, including in the immune system and cell membranes (the ‘outer wall’ of cells). Omega-3s are well known for their anti-inflammatory properties, meaning they can help reduce swelling and pain.

Benefits of omega-3 for pets

Many studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids offer some protection against inflammation, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease in humans. In a similar way, omega-3s can support a healthy circulation in dogs, as well as supporting the immune system. DHA is also important for brain and eye development in puppies.

While they have many potential benefits, the main benefits of omega-3 for dogs are in supporting healthy skin, coat and joints:

-> Skin and coat 

Skin and coat issues are one of the most common causes for a trip to the vets. It follows that one of the most common reasons pet owners choose omega-3 supplements for their dogs is to improve skin and coat health. 

Omega-3 can be especially beneficial for dogs with dry or itchy skin, by reducing inflammation. PUFAs also help maintain the skin’s natural defence barrier (the surface layer). This defence barrier acts to keep moisture within the skin, and to stop allergens and bacteria from entering. Omega-6 fatty acids also have an important part to play here, so getting the right balance of omega-3 and omega-6 essential acids is key.

-> Joints

DHA and EPA can help support healthy joints. These come from marine sources such as salmon and green lipped mussel oil. So, fish oil for dogs can be beneficial for aging dogs, and dogs with arthritis. 

Studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids have a natural anti-inflammatory action, reducing pain and swelling in dogs with arthritis. PUFAs may reduce pain, improve mobility and help slow the progression of arthritis in dogs. 

While studies on omega-3 products in dogs have mostly been promising, they obviously cannot replace the medication that arthritic dogs need. Their anti-inflammatory action cannot match that of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.  However, when started early enough, they may reduce the amount of medication needed. 

Should I give my dog omega-3 every day?

You can boost your dog’s omega-3 levels through enriched diets or via nutritional supplements for dogs. Some diets are supplemented with omega-3.

Dogs cannot effectively convert flaxseed to its active form, so omega-3 supplements for dogs typically come from marine sources, such as fish oil for dogs. Salmon and green lipped mussels are good examples. It’s safest to always use products formulated specifically for dogs, since human versions may contain ingredients which are dangerous for dogs. 

What are the side effects of omega-3 for dogs?

Luckily, side effects are rare, although diarrhoea is possible at high doses. If your dog has a sensitive gut, it’s sensible to introduce any new food or supplement slowly, over a couple of weeks. 

Keep in mind that omega-3s are fatty acids, so are calorie-dense! Be careful adding fish oil for dogs if your dog is obese or you are trying to reduce their weight. 

How long until omega-3 works for dogs?

It can take a couple of months for omega-3s to incorporate into the cells, so be patient! You won’t see results straight away. Any benefits may not become apparent for 8-12 weeks. 

There is good evidence for the benefits of omega-3s for dogs with arthritis and skin disease.